A significant change is coming to the HVAC industry in 2025, as R-410A refrigerant is being phased out due to its high Global Warming Potential (GWP). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has mandated that all new HVAC systems switch to environmentally friendly refrigerants with a GWP of 700 or lower. The most prominent alternatives being introduced are R-32 and R-454B, both of which have much lower environmental impacts.
Why is this change happening?
R-410A, the current standard refrigerant, has a GWP of 2,088, which contributes significantly to climate change. In response to international efforts to combat global warming, such as the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act, this new mandate aims to reduce the impact of HVAC systems by requiring manufacturers to use refrigerants with a much lower GWP. R-32 has a GWP of 675, while R-454B is even lower at 466.
What does this mean for homeowners and businesses?
Existing systems using R-410A can still be serviced and maintained, but as the refrigerant supply decreases, the cost of R-410A is expected to rise. New systems installed after January 1, 2025, will need to comply with the new refrigerants, which may result in higher upfront costs due to updated designs and safety features. However, these new systems are also expected to be more energy-efficient, potentially lowering operating costs in the long run.
Are the new refrigerants safe?
While R-32 and R-454B are classified as mildly flammable (A2L), the risk of ignition is extremely low. Manufacturers are incorporating safety measures such as leak detection systems and enhanced installation protocols to ensure safe operation. Additionally, both refrigerants are already used in other parts of the world and certain small-scale applications, providing a strong track record of safe use.
As the 2025 deadline approaches, it’s essential to plan for this transition. Consult with HVAC professionals to ensure your systems are compliant and explore options for upgrading to these eco-friendly refrigerants.